About The Mysterious World of Fundamental Particles

If you bought this ebook (or paperback edition) and read it completely, you would find, whatever has been given in the sample has been explained in detail in the rest of the book so that when you reached the end of the book, you would really feel enlightened.
I have tried to write each topic with the simplest definition so this book is indeed full of simple definitions.
Also, I have used only very simple and common equations like Einstein’s energy mass relationship and any student of even intermediate level can understand them. In the entire book, I have tried to include names, masses, and compositions of almost all the known massive particles and explained in detail as to how they are grouped, how they decay and interact and once you read entire book including big bang theory, you cannot help wondering how fascinating these particles are.
Although this is a short book but it is not of basic level. In fact, this book is of advanced level, so it is expected from a reader to already have some understanding of physics of intermediate level.
This book requires a reader that they read it completely and number of times and only following this advise, can a reader understand and learn names, compositions, masses, decay modes, interactions and other details of more than 40 composite particles given in this book.

Favourite Particles of Mohit Joshi

1. Neutral Bottom Xi-star Baryon

The neutral bottom Xi-star baryon Ξ*_b⁰(usb) was discovered in 2012, in the Large Hadron Collider LHC, which accelerated proton-proton pairs to cms energy of 7000 GeV (i.e. each proton having energy of 3500 GeV).

The neutral bottom Xi-star baryon Ξ*_b⁰ (usb) decayed rapidly in a cascade of decays to lower mass particles

The neutral bottom Xi-star baryon Ξ*_b⁰(usb) decayed instantaneously into a negative bottom Xi baryon Ξ_b⁻(dsb) and a positive pion:

Ξ*_b⁰(usb) → Ξ_b⁻ (dsb) + π⁺(ud`)

(mass of Ξ*_b⁰ (usb) = 5949.4 MeV, mass of Ξ_b⁻(dsb) = 5794.9 MeV, mass of π⁺(ud`) = 139.57 MeV)

When the three quarks - up, strange and bottom get together to produce a neutral bottom Xi-star baryon, they immediately separate because the bottom quark is very massive. The up quark moves away from the strange and the bottom quark and emits a gluon and the up quark remains itself as an up quark u. The gluon then decays into a down quark d and an antidown quark d`. This antidown quark d` combines with the up quark u (which had emitted the gluon) of the neutral bottom Xi-star baryon to produce a positive pion π⁺(ud`). The down quark d (produced by the decay of the gluon) combines with the strange quark and the bottom quark of the neutral bottom Xi-star baryon to produce a negative bottom Xi baryon Ξ_b⁻(dsb)

The negative bottom Xi baryon Ξ_b⁻(dsb) was the first known particle made of quarks from all three quark generations.

2. Positive Bottom Sigma-star Baryon

The positive bottom sigma-star baryon Σ*_b⁺(uub) was discovered through its rapid decay into a neutral bottom lambda baryon Λ_b⁰ (udb) and a positive pion π⁺(ud`):

Σ*_b⁺(uub) → Λ_b⁰ (udb) + π⁺(ud`)

(mass of Σ*_b⁺(uub) = 5832.1 MeV, mass of Λ_b⁰ (udb) = 5619.5 MeV, mass of π⁺(ud`) = 139.57 MeV)

Here, one up quark of the positive bottom sigma-star baryon emits a gluon and the up quark remains itself as an up quark u.

The gluon then decays into a down quark d and an antidown quark d`. This antidown quark d` combines with the up quark u (which had emitted the gluon) of the positive bottom sigma-star baryon to produce a positive pion π⁺(ud`).

The down quark d (produced by the decay of the gluon) combines with the remaining up quark and the bottom quark of the positive bottom sigma-star baryon to produce a neutral bottom lambda baryon Λ_b⁰ (udb).

3. Omega Baryon

The omega baryons consist of three quarks but contain no up or down quarks. They may have +2, +1, −1 or 0 unit of electric charge.

The first omega baryon was discovered in 1964 in bubble chamber. It was the negative omega baryon Ω⁻, whose constituents were three strange quarks.

The omega baryon was first discovered in bubble chamber in 1964.

In those first omega events, incoming negative Kaon K⁻(u`s) collided with a proton p (uud) in bubble chamber and decayed into an omega baryon Ω⁻(sss), a positive kaon K⁺(us`) and a neutral Kaon K⁰(ds`).

K⁻ (u`s) + p (uud) → Ω⁻(sss) + K⁺(us`) + K⁰(ds`)

This is a strong interaction as strangeness is conserved. Strangeness is S = -1 before the interaction and S = -3 + 1+ 1 = - 1 after the interaction. In this case, one up quark of the proton and the antiup quark of the negative Kaon annihilate to a gluon, which then materializes into a strange quark s and an antistrange quark s`. Another up quark of the proton emits a gluon and remains itself as an up quark. The gluon subsequently decays into a strange quark s and an anti-strange quark s`. Thus, the two gluons involved in this interaction produce two strange quarks and two antistrange quarks. These two strange quarks combine with the strange quark of the negative Kaon to produce an omega baryon Ω⁻(sss). One antistrange quark s` combines with the surviving up quark u (which had emitted the gluon) of the proton to produce a positive Kaon K⁺(us`). Another antistrange quark s` combines with the down quark d of the proton to produce a neutral Kaon K⁰(ds`).

mass of Ω⁻ (sss) = 1672.5 MeV; mean life time of Ω⁻(sss) = 8.21 × 10⁻¹¹seconds;

decay modes of Ω⁻(sss): Λ⁰ (uds) + K⁻ (u`s) (BR: 67.8%); Ξ⁰(uss) + π⁻(u`d) (BR: 23.6%); Ξ⁻(dss) + π⁰(uu`) (BR: 8.6 %)

Explanations of these decay modes have been given in the book: The Mysterious World of Fundamental Particles.

KINDLE STORE LINKS SENTENCE PRACTICE - 1 SENTENCE PRACTICE - 2 SENTENCE PRACTICE - 3	Useful Facts About Daily Life RAQ	Length Contraction and Time Dilation
		About The Mysterious....